Consequences & Risk Factors in Canada of preventable infectious diseases.
Statistical information from CDC & Public Health Agency of Canada; November 2009
Sx result from local infection of the Diphtheria anti-toxin: Since
respiratory tract, which may lead antitoxin does not neutralize
remains at about 5% vaccinations in Canada.
communicable disease to breathing difficulties, or
to 10%, the highest The potential for disease
death rates occurring reemergence if immunization
producing strains of the mucosal surfaces, or from
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Any age, but severity 1-3 deaths/year in mostly in
(whooping cough) is a improvement dev'd into coughing Azithromycin and Clatihromycin greatest among
pertussis. Tranmission (d/t increased ICP)
Few or no symptoms, headache, None. Bed rest, isolation,
careful observation, ventilation West and Central
Meningitis, epiglottitis, bacteremia, Antibiotics:
Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis, pneumonia or septic
- children with splenic disease has decreased from dysfunction or
receipt of a cochlear Severe neurologic sequelae implant and dev't of occur in 10-15% of survivors
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chronical y ill, infants 1/1000 reported cases
often given to non-vaccinated Travellers, HCP,
disease caused by the complications: diarrhea, otitis
morbillivirus.Transmissi media, bronchopneumonia,
on via airborne droplets encephalitis and SSPE
people who live in a house with a measles-contagious person.
Unvaccinated school- High risk of contraction if
In utero (pregnancy) Serious complications are
from mother to fetus, auricular or suboccipital
Rare in infants, and > infection during pregnancy
Clinical hepatitis in adults & school-
No specific treatment exists for Men who have sex
aged children but often asymptomatic hepatitis A. The body clears the with men; oro-anal
serotype. Transmitted in younger children.
hepatitis A virus on its own. In contact; Travel to
by the fecal-oral route, Sx -anorexia, nausea, fatigue, fever & most cases of hepatitis A, the
through direct contact jaundice. The severity of the illness
endemic hepatitis A; over the age of 50. It
with infected people or to 6 weeks but may take months.
↓ hygiene standards, reaches 12.5% in patients
contaminated drugs, over the age of 60 who are
& sharing of materials hospitalized because of the
contaminated water or longer chronic infection is not known
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Chronic - no available drugs can increased risk of being
45 to 160 days, with an average clear the infection, but they can of chronic carriers - do Canada is considered an area
stop the virus from replicating, not have overt disease of low endemicity. It is
(Hepsera), tenofovir (Viread), Fulminant hepatitis and
death may also occur in pregnant women and in
entecavir(Baraclude) and two infants born to infected
smal peak in 15-19 activity every 10-15 years;
neck + (Septicemia): cold hands fluids for hypotension/shock;
respiratory and throat & feet, tachypnea, fatigue, rash
serogroup. Meningitis 5% mortality; Septicemia 20-
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Headache, chills, cough, fever, loss Rest, sleep, fluids w/
of appetite, muscle aches, fatigue, electrolytes, ibuprofen,
caused by influenza A eyes, respiratory trouble,
hospitalization and/or most recover completely.
aged 6-23 months, 1000 cases; most deaths in
Case fatality ranges In Canada, cholera cases are
infection caused by an dehydration and occasional y
without treatment to five cases of cholera reported
less than 1% among in 2003 and three cases
infection is associated immigration. No 2o
contaminated water sanitation, good hygiene and or food, particularly
undercooked or raw shellfish and fish.
for bacterial infections; Antiviral Complications
contact w/ skin lesions osteomyelitis, septic arthritis,
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neurotropic infection by aerophobia, encephalitis, death,
without delay, or with very little (Skunks (40%);
Paralytic form: progressive flaccid delay, P.E.P. is 100% effective Bats (26%); Foxes rabies
Immunocompromised Eradicated worldwide (last
face contact, bodily fluids, contaminated
Immunocompromised Incidence is low in Canada
Caused by Salmonella sweating,gastroenteritis,
Fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin), hypochlorhydric
Transmission via food rose coloured spots,
In endemic areas, 5- Antibiotics 2-5% become
feces/urine of diseased cough, leukopenia, epistaxis,
Febrile illness, headache, malaise, None. Bed rest, careful
observation; Experimenting with Central America, and
Antiviral : Ribavirin during 1st 5 South America
mosquitosJapanese Encephalitis: 50 and 300 infections occur for
There is no specific treatment - - Travel ers: Crude
flavivirus, a group that illness does not always occur).
When encephalitis does occur, it is breathing or seizure control as rural areas during the
risk/month of exposure can For sever encephalitis: 10-
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Warts: depends on location & Multiple sex partners, Est. 70% of sexual y active
Human Papilloma Virus penile or anal cancer, rarely
immunocompromised some point in life. 90% of
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Reprinted from: , January 2006 The Good Man at the NIH) Dr. Jonathan Fishbein's Fight for Medical Ethics in AIDS Medicine In December 2005, I spoke with NIH whistleblower Dr. Jonathan Fishbein. In an exclusive interview, Fishbein discussed the controversial African AIDS drug trials he exposed, his firing and reinstatement and how medical ethics and the public trust are violated when profit
Veterinary antibiotics in pig feces Relationship between the longevous population and trace element in the School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing soils of Xiayi County, China The intense livestock farming in China engenders a Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources significant volume of manures with no other solution for farmers than land