Veterinary antibiotics in pig feces Relationship between the longevous population and trace element in the
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing
soils of Xiayi County, China
The intense livestock farming in China engenders a
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources
significant volume of manures with no other solution for
farmers than land disposal. Continued land application of
antibiotics-containing manure could detrimental to soil and
water quality in the long term. 14 veterinary antibiotics (VAs)
Effects of environment on the longevous population
in pig feces were quantitatively determined using HPLC.
Health and longevity can be considered as the product of
interactions between environment, heredity and lifestyle [1, 2].
A case study on Scandinavian twins concludes that the effect
antibiotics Appearance Mean Lowest Highest value value value S.D.
of heredity on life expectancy accounts for 20–30%, whereas
5.29 0.32 30.55 9.07
that of environmental change accounts for at least 70% [3].
11.81 0.73 56.81 18.60
Most recently, soil, drinking water and climate were reported
3.19 0.68 22.34 6.41
to be leading environmental factors influencing regional
0.63 0.15 1.90 0.85
population longevity [4]. Based on field investigation and
0.11 0.10 0.12 0.01
laboratory analysis, trace elements in the soils of Xiayi
0.14 0.13 0.15 0.01
County, a Chinese longevous area, were investigated, and the
1.07 0.21 2.16 0.85
key elements closely linked to health and longevity were
1.14 0.12 4.84 2.07 0.85 0.13 2.13 1.11 1.10 0.41 3.18 1.18 0.49 0.31 0.96 0.27 0.87 0.36 2.22 0.75 0.14 0.14 0.69 0.23 1.88 0.80 Table 1: The residues of antibiotics in pig feces (mg·kg-1)
(TC:tetracycline, OTC:oxytetracycline, CTC:chlortetracycline,
SG:sulfaguanidine, SA:sulfanilamide, SMZ:sulfamethoxazole,
SMM:sulfamonomethoxine, SMR:sulfamerazine, SCP:sulfa-
chlorpyridazine, NOR:norfloxacin, CIP:ciprofloxacin, ENR:
Figure 1: Spatial distribution of Se, Cd in the soil of Xiayi
enrofloxacin, DIF:difloxacin, TYL: tylosin).
Discussion of Results
Result shows that 5.6-61.1% of four types of VAs could
The longevous population was distributed in a belt running
be detected in pig feces. The risk quotients (RQ) indicate a
across Xiayi County from northeast (NE) to southwest (SW).
certain probability for adverse effects of VAs on soil microbial
The longevity rate (number of population aged 95 or older per
activity [1]. The largest RQ of OTC suggested that it should
million) reached 83 in the NW region. Interestedly, it
be the priority control of Vas in the study area.
dramatically increased to 187 in the NE region, where the soils
contained higher Se and Zn but lower Cd (Figure 1). The
Supported by EPPWP (200909042), NNSFC (20977010)
findings indicate that sufficient Zn and Se as well as low
exposure to heavy metal pollution contribute to human
[1] Spaepen et al. (1997) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16, 1977–
[1] Perls et al. (2002) Mech. Ageing Dev. 123, 231–242. [2] Li et al. (2011) Sci. Total Environ. 409, 1385–1390.
[3] Ljungquist et al. (1998) J. Gerontol. Ser. A , Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 53, M441-M446. [4] Lv et al. (2011) Arch. Gerontol Geriatr. doi, 10.106/j.archger.2010.10.012.
Psicopatología Clínica, Legal y Forense, Vol. 3, Nº 3, 2003, pp. 41 - 57. PROPUESTA DE UN INVENTARIO PARA LA EVALUACIÓN Y DIAGNÓSTICO DEL TRASTORNO DE ESTRÉS POSTRAUMÁTICO. Resumen Desde su introducción en las clasificaciones, el diagnóstico del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) ha resultado sumamente controvertido. Aunque las sucesivas revisiones de las clasificacione
Veterinary antibiotics in pig feces