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Volume 1 Issue 1 2012
The Journal of Phytopharmacology
(Pharmacognosy and Phytomedicine Research)
Fructose induces Antihyperlipidemic activity of dried leaves extract of Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz. in Wistar rats. Sawan Kumar*1, K K Jha1, Mansi Verma1, Ashok Kumar1, Dinesh Kumar1 1. College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad-244001 Abstract: Objective of present study was to evaluate the Antihyperlipidemic activity of dried
leaves extract of Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz. We hypothesized that Alternanthera brasiliana L. kuntz dried leaves extract may benefit in diseases of hyperlipidemia. Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz dried leaves powder was extracted using 50% ethanol + water and the extract was subjected to Antihyperlipidemic study with a view to evaluate its medicinal value Keywords: Alternanthera brasiliana, Antihyperlipidemic activity, Fructose, Fenofibrate
Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a
mainly total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL along with decrease in HDL are known to cause hyperlipidemia which is the reason associated with diabetes. Besides the cause effect relationship with diabetes, elevated serum level of triglycerides, cholesterol and Antihyperlipidemic agents having various LDL are major risk factors for the premature pharmacological actions are being tested development of cardiovascular disease like arthrosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease etc.1 Increased plasma lipid levels Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 71
The public health burden of type 2 diabetes increased worldwide. It has been shown that Alternanthera brasiliana is a brazilin plant the risk for developing clinical diabetes is occurring in several regions, being known as “penicilina” or terramicina, widely used by rural communities as medicinal agent to cure glucose tolerance. Fasting hyperglycemia is different disease, such as inflammation, and caused by unrestrained basal hepatic glucose output, primarily a consequence of hepatic resistance not only plays an important role focusing the influence of different kind of lights to produce compound with possible human diseases including atherosclerosis, analgesic action.7 It used against cough & diarrhoea in Brazilian popular medicine.8 Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. kuntze, Material & Method:
(Amaranthaceae) is an important herb found as a perennial herb, native to tropical and Collection and Authentication of plant
subtropical regions of Australia and South materials-
America; five species have been recorded from India. Through almost all of its parts The fresh leaves of Alternanthera brasiliana are used in traditional system of medicines, leaves are the most important parts which November, 2010 from the botanical garden are use medicinally.5 It is a herb indigenous within Ghaziabad (U.P.) India. The plant to Brazil, described as perennial, prostrate material was authenticated by Dr. H.B. Sing polygonal stem, long internodes and swollen nodes at which opposite leaves attach. The Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 72
Maintenance of animals and approval of
protocol-
30 Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing Preparation of the extract:
study. These rats were procured from the The leaves were cleaned and shade dried in Central Animal House Facility, Teerthanker open air for 8-10 days then pulverized to dry power using electric grinder. About 400 gm were housed in well ventilated stainless- of the dried leaf powder was extracted with steel cages at room temperature (24 ± 2) ºC methanol for 24 hours with each solvent, by in hygienic condition under natural light and extraction using the soxhlet apparatus at a temperature of 30 to 35˚C. The extract was laboratory diet. Food and water were given concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporator ad libitium. Permission for the use of animal and animal protocol was obtained from the Chemicals and Instruments-
Fenofibrate (Finolip 145), 20 mg/kg (Cipla Control and Supervision of Experiments on Pvt Ltd.); Fructose, 10% w/v solution (CDH Fructose induced hyperlipidemia-
extract of Ficus infectoria; Hydrogen Fructose induced hyperlipidemia of Ficus infectoria leaf and bark extract was Omprakash N et.al. (2010).9 Wistar rats
weighing between 125-200 gm were divided Glucometer (Bhat Bio-Tech India P Ltd.); into five groups of six animals each. The animals of the control group had free access to tap water while other groups were fed with food pellet and water ad libitum. 10% Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 73
were used. All the estimations were carried out as per the instruction provided by the kit Group I- served as control group received Group II- served as toxic control received Fenofibrate at a dose of 20 mg/kg along with Statistical analysis-
Group IV- served as test-I received leaf and bark methanolic extract at a dose of 200 The statistical significance was assessed mg/kg along with 10% fructose solution for Group V- served as test-II received leaf Comparisons Test by using Graph Pad InStat and bark methanolic extract at a dose of 400 (File version 3.0.10.0). The values were mg/kg along with 10% fructose solution for expressed as mean ± Standard Error Mean (SEM) for six rats in each group and P<0.05 All the animals were fasted for half an hour prior to drug administrations. On day 21, Result & Discussion:
“diethyl ether”. The blood was collected by Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves retro orbital puncture and the serum was extract was determined by estimating the separated for estimation of total cholesterol suppression of lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL) in Wistar rats lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein The results obtained were as depicted in Table no. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Fig. no. 1, 2, 3, 4, For estimation of triglycerides, cholesterol and HDL, kits (ARBA diagnostics kit, India) Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 74
Table no. 1: Variation in the Triglycerides level
Group Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
Triglycerides mg/dl
***P<0.001 compared to Group II, The results expressed as mean±S.E.
Fig no. 1 Graph showing variation in Triglyceride level
The study concluded that Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and Fenofibrate (20 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in Triglyceride level, as Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 75
Table 2: Variation of Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level
Group Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
VLDL mg/dl
****p<0.0001 compared to Group II, **P<0.01 compared to Group III with Group V,
***P<0.001 compared to Group IV with Group V; the results expressed as mean±S.E.
Fig no. 2 Graph showing variation in Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
The study concluded that Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and Fenofibrate (20 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level, as compared to Fructose control group. Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 76
Table 3: Variation of Total cholesterol level
Group Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
Total Cholesterol mg/dl
****p<0.0001 compared to Group II, **P<0.01 compared to Group IV with Group V; The
results expressed as mean±S.E.
Fig no. 3 Graph showing variation in Total cholesterol levels
The study concluded that Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and Fenofibrate (20 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in Total cholesterol level, as Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 77
Table 4: Variation in High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
Group Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
HDL mg/dl
****P<0.0001 compared to Group II, **P<0.01 compared to Group III with Group V; The
results expressed as mean±S.E.
Fig no. 4 Graph showing variation in High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
The study concluded that Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and Fenofibrate (20 mg/kg) showed significant increased in High density lipoprotein (HDL) level, as compared to Fructose control group. Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 78
Table 5: Variation in Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels
Group Treatment
Dose (mg/kg)
LDL mg/dl
****P<0.0001 compared to Group II, ***P<0.001 compared to Group IV with Group V;
The results expressed as mean±S.E.
Fig no. 5 Graph showing variation in low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels
Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 79
Conclusion:
Acknowledgments:
Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves The authors are thankful to Director College of Pharmacy and authority of Teerthanker activity when subjected to the tests like Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India for Reference:
lipoprotein (VLDL) and Total cholesterol. The obtained results for Antihyperlipidemic activity of Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz level (150.3 ± 1.76 and 137.7 ±0.59), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) level (35.06 ± 0.294 and 33.03 ± 0.294), Triglyceride lovastatin. Int J Green Pharm 2009; level (175.26 ± 1.35 and 165.28 ± 1.47), Total cholesterol level (225.3 ± 1.32 and 215.3 ± 0.442) and High density lipoprotein extracts. Indian J Exp Biol 2006; The study concluded that Alternanthera brasiliana L. Kuntz leaves extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and Fenofibrate (20 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in low Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 80
Insulin Resistance J. Clin. Biochem. Insulin Resistance J. Clin. Biochem. Pharma Research, 2010; 1(1): 1-5. Volume 1 Issue 1 2012 | THE JOURNAL OF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 81

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