International Task Force for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
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Scientific News Literature Up-date since 2002
Observational Studies Prediction of risk of coronary events in middle-aged men in the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster Study (PROCAM), using neural networks. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1253-1262
Intervention trials indicate that about one in three coronary events can be prevented by 5 years of lipid -lowering treatment. This analysis suggests that use of the multi-layer perceptron to identify high-risk individuals as candidates for drug treatment would allow prevention of 25% of coronary events in middle -aged men, compared to 15% and 11% with logistic regression and the probabilistic neural networks, respectively. Abstract
Years of life lost due to obesity JAMA 2003;289:187 -193
Obesity appears to lessen life expectancy markedly, especially among younger adults. Abstract The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men JAMA 2002;288: 2709 -2716 Cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality are increased in men with the metabolic syndrome, even in the absence of baseline cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Early identification, treatment, and prevention of the metabolic syndrome present a major challenge for health care professionals facing an epidemic of overweight and sedentary lifestyle. Abstract Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2002;288:2015-22
This meta-analysis of observational studies suggests that elevated homocysteine is at most a modest independent predictor of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke risk in healthy populations. Abstract Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies Lancet 2002;360:1903-1913
Throughout middle and old age, usual blood pressure is strongly and directly related to vascular (and overall) mortality, without any evidence of a threshold down to at least 115/75 mm Hg. Abstract
Prediction of the risk of myocardial infarction from polymorphisms in candidate genes. NEJM 2002;347:1916-1923
Determination of the genotypes of the connexin 37, plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, and stromelysin-1 genes may prove reliable in predicting the genetic risk of myocardial infarction and might thus contribute to the primary prevention of this condition. Abstract
Clinical Studies – Pharmacological
Coronary angiographic changes in patients with cardiac events in the prospective randomised evaluation of the vascular effects of Norvasc trial (PREVENT) Am J Cardiol 2002;90:776-778
In patients with cardiac ischemic events in PREVENT, it was rare to identify a culprit lesion in segments that were completely normal by core angiographic laboratory standards. Culprit lesions undergoing substantial progression were found most often in segments with a 30% to 60% diameter stenosis at baseline. Abstract Effects of atorvastatin on stroke in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. A Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Substudy. Circulation 2002;106:1690-1695 Intensive cholesterol lowering with atorvastatin over 16 weeks in patients with acute coronary syndromes reduced the overall stroke rate by half and did not cause hemorrhagic stroke. Abstract
Ezetimibe coadministered with simvastatin in patients wi th primary hypercholesterolemia J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:2125-2134
When coadministered with simvastatin, ezetimibe provided significant incremental reductions in LDL- cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as increases in HDL-cholesterol. Coadministration of ezetimibe with simvastatin was well tolerated and comparable to statin alone. Abstract
Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomised to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) JAMA 2002;288:2981-2997
Thizide-type diuretics are superior in preventing 1 or more major forms of CVD and are less expensive. Abstract Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomised to pravastatin vs usual care. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT) JAMA 2002;288:2998-3007
Pravastatin did not reduce either all-cause mortality or coronary heart disease significantly when compared with usual care in older participants with well-controlled hypertension and moderately elevated LDL-cholesterol. The results may be due to the modest differential in total cholesterol (9.6 %) and LDL-cholesterol (16.7 %) between pravastatin and usual care compared with prior statin trials supporting cardiovascular disease prevention. Abstract Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial Lancet 2002;360:1623-30
Pravastatin given for 3 years reduced the risk of coronary disease in elderly individuals. PROSPER therefore extends to elderly individuals the treatment strategy currently used in middle aged people. Abstract German translation of abstract Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Lancet 202;360:752-60
Since there was a non-significant difference in total mortality in favour of captopril, ACE inhibitors should remain first-choice treatment in patients after complicated acute myocardial infarction. Losartan cannot be generally recommended in this population. However, it was better tolerated than captopril, and was associated with significantly fewer discontinuations. Although the role of losartan in patients intolerant of ACE inhibition is not clearly defined, it can be considered in such patients. Abstract
Clinical Studies – Non-pharmacological (e.g. nutrition, physical activity)
Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: moving toward improved dietary guidance. Am J Clin Nutr 2002 Dec;76(6):1261 -71
The Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) predicted chronic disease risk better than did the Recommended Food Score (RFS) (or the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in previous research) primarily because of a strong inverse association with cardiovascular disease. Dietary guidelines can be improved by providing more specific and comprehensive advice.
Systematic review of long term effects of advice to reduce dietary salt in adults BMJ 2002;325:628-
Intensive interventions, unsuited to primary care or population prevention programmes, provide only small reductions in blood pressure and sodium excretion, and effects on deaths and cardiovascular events are unclear. Advice to reduce sodium intake may help people on antihypertensive drugs to stop their medication while maintaining good blood pressure control. Abstract The impact of dietary fat composition on serum leptin concentrations in healthy nonobese men and women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:5008-5014
Both the olive oil and the sunflower oil diet did not affect serum leptin concentrations. Serum leptin levels were affected by the high amount of α-linolenic acid in rapeseed oil - differently in men and women. Abstract Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial Lancet 2002;360:1455-61
An Indo-Mediterranean diet that is rich in α-linolenic acid might be more effective in primary and secondary prevention of CAD than the conventional step I NCEP prudent diet. Abstract German translation of abstract
Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women NEJM 2002;347: 716 -725
These prospective data indicate that both walking and vigorous exercise are associated with substantial reductions in the incidence of cardiovascular events among postmenopausal women, irrespective of race or ethnic group, age, and body -mass index. Prolonged sitting predicts increased cardiovascular risk. Abstract German translation of abstract Clinical Studies – Cost-effectiveness
European comparison of costs and quality in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (2000-2001) Eur Heart J 2002;23:858-868
There was little variation in the process quality of care for treating acute myocardial infarction. Differences in resource use may result from differences in the types of reimbursement and in the rates of diffusion of new technology. Abstract
Costs associated with the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Diabetes Prevention Program Diabetes Care 2003;26:36-47
The metformin and lifestyle interventions are associated with modest incremental costs compared with the placebo intervention. The evaluation of costs relative to health benefits will determine the value of these interventions to health systems and society. Abstract Guidelines
Expert Group on HDL Cholesterol The role of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease: expert group recommendations Am J Cardiol 2002;90:139-143 Abstract
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for primary prevention of chronic conditions: recommendations and rationale Ann Intern Med 2002;137:834 -839 Abstract
American Heart Association/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Application to clinical and public health practice. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003;107:499-511 Fulltext Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Final Report. Circulation 2002;106:3143 Fulltext PDF-Format
American Heart Association Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease Circulation 2002;106:2747-2757 Fulltext
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-S T-segment elevation myocardial infarction – 2002: Summary Article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina) Circulation 2002;106:1893-1900 Fulltext
American Heart Association AHA Guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 Update. Consensus panel guide to comprehensive risk reduction for adult patients without coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular diseases. Circulation 2002;106:388-391 Fulltext
Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease Recommendations on the management of the asymptomatic patient with valvular heart disease Eur Heart J 2002;23:1253-1266 Abstract
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina – summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:159 -168 Abstract National High Blood Pressure Education Program Primary prevention of hypertension. Clinical and public health advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program JAMA 2002;288:1882-1888 Abstract
Fonte: grade de programação do Canal Brasil1- As exibições, os títulos e as horas de programação das obras não seriadas exibidas na "Sessão Interativa" não foram contabilizados pois não foram informados na fonte utilizada. 2- Os títulos e as exibições de videoclipes também não foram contabilizados, apenas o total de horas de programação desta subcategoria. Compilado
LA BORRELIOSI La borreliosi, detta anche Malattia di Lyme, è un’affezione causata da una spirocheta (un batterio spiraliforme), la Borrelia burgdorferi , chiamata così in onore al suo scopritore, Burgdorfer, che infesta le zecche, le quali possono trasmetterlo all'uomo e La trasmissione all’uomo di questi acari avviene direttamente dall’erba o attraverso gli animali. Una volta che
